In physics, the Special
Theory of Relativity is generally accepted and experimentally
confirmed physical theory regarding the relationship between space
and time. It is based on two postulates :
>> The laws of
physics are invariant or identical in all inertial (non-accelerating)
frames of reference.
>> The speed of
light in a vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless of the
motion of the light source or observer.
The special theory of
relativity was developed by Albert Einstein in 1905. it applies to
physical phenomena, where the gravitation has no significance. This
special relativity theory applies to flat space-time which is a
mathematical model that joins space and time into a single idea called
Minkowski space.
Minkowski space is a
phenomena which does not influenced by gravitation. In special
relativity theory, the Minkowski space is a four-dimensional
manifold, created by Hermann Minkowski. It has four dimensions in
which three dimensions of space and one dimension of time. Minkowski space-time has a metric signature of (-+++) and is always flat. The
space dimension has only a positive flat plane hyper surface of the
present whereas the time dimension has a positive and negative
portion in which the positive side shows the possible future light
cone and the negative side shows the impossible past light cone.
However, Minkowski
space-time applies only in special relativity theory. Whenever the
matter exists, it bends the geometry of space time. This results in a
curved shape of space-time which could be understood as gravity. The
white lines on the the picture of two dimensional analogy of
space-time distortion represents the effects of mass on space-time
because of gravity. The General Relativity used the notion of curved
space-time to describe the effects of gravity and accelerated motion.
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