2. Special Theory Of Relativity


In physics, the Special Theory of Relativity is generally accepted and experimentally confirmed physical theory regarding the relationship between space and time. It is based on two postulates :
>> The laws of physics are invariant or identical in all inertial (non-accelerating) frames of reference.
>> The speed of light in a vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless of the motion of the light source or observer.
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The special theory of relativity was developed by Albert Einstein in 1905. it applies to physical phenomena, where the gravitation has no significance. This special relativity theory applies to flat space-time which is a mathematical model that joins space and time into a single idea called Minkowski space. 
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Minkowski space is a phenomena which does not influenced by gravitation. In special relativity theory, the Minkowski space is a four-dimensional manifold, created by Hermann Minkowski. It has four dimensions in which three dimensions of space and one dimension of time. Minkowski space-time has a metric signature of (-+++) and is always flat. The space dimension has only a positive flat plane hyper surface of the present whereas the time dimension has a positive and negative portion in which the positive side shows the possible future light cone and the negative side shows the impossible past light cone.
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However, Minkowski space-time applies only in special relativity theory. Whenever the matter exists, it bends the geometry of space time. This results in a curved shape of space-time which could be understood as gravity. The white lines on the the picture of two dimensional analogy of space-time distortion represents the effects of mass on space-time because of gravity. The General Relativity used the notion of curved space-time to describe the effects of gravity and accelerated motion.

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